Po pod\u00e1n\u00ed nab\u00eddky prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jeho poradce nab\u00eddku posoud\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee ji p\u0159ijmout, odm\u00edtnout, nebo s kupuj\u00edc\u00edm zah\u00e1jit dal\u0161\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159ijet\u00ed nab\u00eddky se p\u0159istoup\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b smluvn\u00ed dokumentace a finalizaci transakce.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/agreement1m_urn39y-1-1-480x270.jpg\")
<\/h3>\nP\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace<\/strong><\/h3>\nKvalitn\u00ed transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace je bezesporu jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prvk\u016f \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho prodeje firmy. Ta slou\u017e\u00ed k ochran\u011b z\u00e1jm\u016f obou stran \u2013 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho i kupuj\u00edc\u00edho \u2013 a zaji\u0161\u0165uje hladk\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh cel\u00e9ho procesu.\u00a0Transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace p\u0159edstavuje soubor smluv a dokument\u016f, kter\u00e9 upravuj\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed aspekty prodeje firmy. Jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed je minimalizovat rizika a spory, kter\u00e9 by mohly v souvislosti s prodejem vzniknout. U prodeje mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch firem je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee tyto firmy \u010dasto nemaj\u00ed tak robustn\u00ed administrativn\u00ed z\u00e1zem\u00ed jako velk\u00e9 korporace, a proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bnovat p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b dokumentace n\u00e1le\u017eitou pozornost.<\/p>\n
Po dohodnut\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch aspekt\u016f transakce p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na \u0159adu p\u0159\u00edprava smluvn\u00ed dokumentace. Tato dokumentace by m\u011bla b\u00fdt komplexn\u00ed, jasn\u00e1 a srozumiteln\u00e1, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo budouc\u00edm spor\u016fm. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprava vy\u017eaduje vysokou m\u00edru pe\u010dlivosti a detailn\u00ed znalosti pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi se strany sna\u017e\u00ed dohodnout na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch aspektech transakce, kter\u00e9 budou n\u00e1sledn\u011b zaneseny do smluvn\u00ed dokumentace. Vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je proces, kde se st\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1jmy obou stran a hled\u00e1 se optim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro ob\u011b strany.<\/p>\n
Co standardn\u011b transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace obsahuje<\/strong><\/h3>\nObsah transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed transakci, ale obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee zahrnuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed dokumenty:<\/p>\n
\n- Smlouva o prodeji (SPA – Sale and Purchase Agreement):<\/strong> Jde o st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed dokument, kter\u00fd upravuje p\u0159edm\u011bt prodeje (akcie, pod\u00edl, aktiva), cenu, platebn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, z\u00e1ruky a prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, p\u0159echodn\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed aspekty transakce.<\/li>\n
- Akcion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 smlouva nebo spole\u010densk\u00e1 smlouva (Shareholders’ Agreement):<\/strong> Pokud se prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed akcie nebo pod\u00edl ve spole\u010dnosti s v\u00edce akcion\u00e1\u0159i, tato smlouva upravuje vztahy mezi nimi, jejich pr\u00e1va a povinnosti, rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti a dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti.<\/li>\n
- Smlouva o \u00faschov\u011b (Escrow Agreement):<\/strong> V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se \u010d\u00e1st kupn\u00ed ceny usklad\u0148uje na speci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fa\u010dtu (nap\u0159. not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 \u00faschova) do spln\u011bn\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, tato smlouva upravuje podm\u00ednky \u00faschovy a vyplacen\u00ed t\u011bchto prost\u0159edk\u016f.<\/li>\n
- Smlouva o nekonkurov\u00e1n\u00ed (Non-Compete Agreement):<\/strong> Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se v n\u00ed zavazuje, \u017ee po ur\u010ditou dobu nebude podnikat v stejn\u00e9m oboru a nebude tak konkurovat kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu.<\/li>\n
- Smlouva o ml\u010denlivosti (Confidentiality Agreement):<\/strong> Zavazuje ob\u011b strany k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed ml\u010denlivosti o d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch informac\u00edch z\u00edskan\u00fdch v souvislosti s transakc\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
N\u011bkdy je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dokumentace i pracovn\u00ed smlouva mezi spole\u010dnost\u00ed a b\u00fdval\u00fdm majitelem, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se sn\u00edm sep\u00ed\u0161e smlouva o v\u00fdkonu poradensk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e1 uprav\u00ed vztah b\u00fdval\u00e9ho majitele spole\u010dnosti po dobu, kdy bude je\u0161t\u011b ve spole\u010dnosti p\u016fsobit.<\/p>\n
Smlouva o prodeji pod\u00edlu (SPA)<\/strong><\/h3>\nSPA je pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00fd dokument, kter\u00fd detailn\u011b upravuje podm\u00ednky prodeje a chr\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jmy obou stran \u2013 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho i kupuj\u00edc\u00edho. P\u0159edstavte si ji jako precizn\u00ed mapu, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1s provede cel\u00fdm procesem a pom\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1m vyhnout se zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m a spor\u016fm. SPA u mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch firem obvykle obsahuje:<\/p>\n
\n- Specifikace pod\u00edlu:<\/strong> Tato \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159esn\u011b vymezuje prod\u00e1van\u00fd pod\u00edl ve spole\u010dnosti, v\u010detn\u011b jeho velikosti (nap\u0159. 1\/3, 50 %) a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch omezen\u00ed (nap\u0159. p\u0159edkupn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo ostatn\u00edch spole\u010dn\u00edk\u016f).<\/li>\n
- Kupn\u00ed cena a platebn\u00ed podm\u00ednky:<\/strong> Zde se stanov\u00ed kupn\u00ed cena za pod\u00edl, zp\u016fsob platby (hotovost, spl\u00e1tky, kombinace) a term\u00edny plateb. M\u016f\u017ee se zde tak\u00e9 upravit mechanismus zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed platby, nap\u0159\u00edklad formou bankovn\u00ed z\u00e1ruky nebo not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00faschovy.<\/li>\n
- Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky:<\/strong> V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed poskytuje kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o skute\u010dnostech t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se spole\u010dnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad o jej\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed situaci, pr\u00e1vn\u00edm stavu, neexistenci skryt\u00fdch z\u00e1vazk\u016f a spln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech z\u00e1konn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaru\u010duje pravdivost t\u011bchto<\/li>\n
- prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Tato ustanoven\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed mu dom\u00e1hat se n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed uk\u00e1\u017eou jako nepravdiv\u00e1. O mechanismu prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk p\u00ed\u0161eme n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/li>\n
- P\u0159echod pod\u00edlu:<\/strong> Tato \u010d\u00e1st ur\u010duje okam\u017eik, kdy pod\u00edl p\u0159ejde na kupuj\u00edc\u00edho, a s t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edch pr\u00e1v a povinnost\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee se jednat o den z\u00e1pisu zm\u011bny vlastn\u00edka do obchodn\u00edho rejst\u0159\u00edku nebo o jin\u00fd dohodnut\u00fd term\u00edn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Smlouvy SPA \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e1 p\u0159echodn\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 upravuj\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci mezi prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm a kupuj\u00edc\u00edm po dokon\u010den\u00ed transakce. M\u016f\u017ee se jednat o podporu prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed firmy, za\u0161kolen\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed know-how, dostupnost kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch kontakt\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed, pokud to nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 smlouvy. C\u00edlem p\u0159echodn\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed je zajistit hladk\u00fd p\u0159echod firmy do rukou nov\u00e9ho majitele. Smlouvy mohou obsahovat i dal\u0161\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad dolo\u017eky o nekonkurov\u00e1n\u00ed (prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se zavazuje, \u017ee po ur\u010ditou dobu nebude podnikat v stejn\u00e9m oboru), dolo\u017eky o ml\u010denlivosti (ochrana d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch informac\u00ed) a dal\u0161\u00ed. Tato ustanoven\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed k ochran\u011b z\u00e1jm\u016f kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed stability firmy po transakci.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Mechanismus prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk<\/h3>\n
Jeliko\u017e prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed chce z\u00edskat co nejlep\u0161\u00ed cenu a kupuj\u00edc\u00ed chce zase jistotu, \u017ee kupuje “ko\u010dku v pytli”, standardn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed smluv o prodeji pod\u00edlu je mechanismus prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b k minimalizaci rizik na stran\u011b kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed transparentnosti transakce. Ve smlouv\u00e1ch o prodeji spole\u010dnost\u00ed je dnes u\u017e tento mechanismus \u00fapln\u00fdm standardem, bez n\u011bj se nem\u016f\u017ee kvalitn\u00ed smlouva o p\u0159evodu pod\u00edlu obej\u00edt,\u00a0 a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se mu v n\u011bjak\u00e9 form\u011b nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nevyhne.<\/p>\n
Co jsou prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky?<\/strong><\/p>\nProhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky d\u00e1vaj\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu jistotu, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u00e9 informace o stavu spole\u010dnosti. Pokud se pozd\u011bji uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nebylo pravdiv\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee se kupuj\u00edc\u00ed dom\u00e1hat n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody. V prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed fakta o spole\u010dnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017ee \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011brka je pravdiv\u00e1 a spole\u010dnost nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 skryt\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky. V r\u00e1mci z\u00e1ruk se prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zaru\u010duje, \u017ee prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jsou pravdiv\u00e1 a spole\u010dnost spl\u0148uje ur\u010dit\u00e9 standardy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u0161echna pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 povolen\u00ed k podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a nedot\u00fdkaj\u00ed se j\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 soudn\u00ed spory.<\/p>\n
Jak\u00e9 typy prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Finan\u010dn\u00ed:<\/strong> T\u00fdkaj\u00ed se finan\u010dn\u00ed situace spole\u010dnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fa\u010detn\u00edch v\u00fdkaz\u016f, cash flow, \u00fav\u011br\u016f a dluh\u016f.<\/li>\n
- Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed:<\/strong> Zahrnuj\u00ed soulad s legislativou, vlastnictv\u00ed majetku, smlouvy a povolen\u00ed.<\/li>\n
- Da\u0148ov\u00e9:<\/strong> T\u00fdkaj\u00ed se da\u0148ov\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed a da\u0148ov\u00e9 evidence spole\u010dnosti.<\/li>\n
- Obchodn\u00ed:<\/strong> Zahrnuj\u00ed informace o z\u00e1kazn\u00edc\u00edch, dodavatel\u00edch, konkurenci a tr\u017en\u00edm pod\u00edlu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zjist\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nebylo pravdiv\u00e9 nebo z\u00e1ruka nebyla spln\u011bna, m\u016f\u017ee se dom\u00e1hat n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody. To m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat formou slevy z kupn\u00ed ceny, zaplacen\u00edm od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed nebo vr\u00e1cen\u00edm pod\u00edlu. Smlouva o p\u0159evodu pod\u00edlu by po spr\u00e1vnosti m\u011bla zahrnovat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 podrobnosti o tom, jak se bude postupovat v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zjist\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1ruk nebo nespr\u00e1vnost prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho.<\/p>\n
V praxi b\u00fdv\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o transakci nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed debata pr\u00e1v\u011b o prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch a n\u00e1roc\u00edch v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jejich poru\u0161en\u00ed. Je p\u0159irozen\u00e9, \u017ee prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed chce svou odpov\u011bdnost limitovat, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b ale kupuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dasto trv\u00e1 na tom, aby minimalizoval sv\u00e9 riziko toho, \u017ee najde ve spole\u010dnosti n\u011bco, s \u010d\u00edm nepo\u010d\u00edtal a co v r\u00e1mci Due Diligence neobjevil. Je ale zvykem, \u017ee odpov\u011bdnost prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho za prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky, vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00e1 v pen\u011bz\u00edch, b\u00fdv\u00e1 limitov\u00e1na na ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed des\u00edtky procent z prodejn\u00ed ceny. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je zvykem limitace na jednotky let od uzav\u0159en\u00ed transakce.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/uctovnictvo-480x288.jpg\")
Z\u00e1v\u011brem k transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentaci<\/strong><\/h3>\nKvalitn\u00ed transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace je nezbytn\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem pro hladk\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh prodeje mal\u00fdch ale i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch firem. Investice do dob\u0159e p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 smlouvy se vyplat\u00ed, stejn\u011b tak \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd jedn\u00e1n\u00edm o podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch smlouvy. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace m\u016f\u017eeme doporu\u010dit spolupr\u00e1ci advok\u00e1t\u016f a poradce se zku\u0161enostmi v r\u00e1mci M&A. Ne v\u0161ichni advok\u00e1ti toti\u017e maj\u00ed zku\u0161enosti z transakc\u00ed, co\u017e je m\u016f\u017ee limitovat p\u0159i vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u00ednek s kupuj\u00edc\u00edm a posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, co je v transakc\u00edch standardem a co nen\u00ed. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b dokumentace advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spolu s M&A poradcem je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee budou pokryty v\u0161echna rizika a to jak z pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, tak transak\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1nky a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed si zajist\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky, jak\u00e9 bude v dan\u00e9 situaci mo\u017en\u00e9 vyjednat.<\/p>\n
\nTohle je \u010dl\u00e1nek z na\u0161\u00ed s\u00e9rie “Jak prodat podnik”, ostatn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky ze s\u00e9rie naleznete tady:<\/p>\n
\n- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 1.: Je m\u016fj podnik vhodn\u00fd k prodeji?<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 2.: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky p\u0159ed prodejem<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 3.: Stanoven\u00ed prodejn\u00edch priorit<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 4.: Jak p\u0159ipravit svou firmu na prodej<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 5.: M\u00e1m mo\u017enost se poradit s odborn\u00edky?<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 6.: Stanoven\u00ed prodejn\u00ed ceny<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 7.: P\u0159\u00edprava prezentace firmy<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 8.: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jemc\u016f o firmu<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 9.: Za\u010d\u00e1tek prodejn\u00edho procesu<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 10.: Indikativn\u00ed nab\u00eddka a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 11.: Prov\u011brka spole\u010dnosti (Due Diligence)<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 13.: Podpis smluv a poprodejn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tohle je \u010dl\u00e1nek ze s\u00e9rie \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f “Jak prodat podnik”. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti si p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme f\u00e1zi jedn\u00e1n\u00ed po realizaci Due Diligence ze strany z\u00e1jemce. Z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 nab\u00eddka Pot\u00e9, co si kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zrealizuje Due Diligence, je \u010das na pod\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 nab\u00eddky. Tento krok je v procesu akvizice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, proto\u017ee formalizuje z\u00e1jem kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a stanovuje podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch je […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3374,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jak-prodat-firmu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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Kvalitn\u00ed transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace je bezesporu jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prvk\u016f \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho prodeje firmy. Ta slou\u017e\u00ed k ochran\u011b z\u00e1jm\u016f obou stran \u2013 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho i kupuj\u00edc\u00edho \u2013 a zaji\u0161\u0165uje hladk\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh cel\u00e9ho procesu.\u00a0Transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace p\u0159edstavuje soubor smluv a dokument\u016f, kter\u00e9 upravuj\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed aspekty prodeje firmy. Jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed je minimalizovat rizika a spory, kter\u00e9 by mohly v souvislosti s prodejem vzniknout. U prodeje mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch firem je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee tyto firmy \u010dasto nemaj\u00ed tak robustn\u00ed administrativn\u00ed z\u00e1zem\u00ed jako velk\u00e9 korporace, a proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bnovat p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b dokumentace n\u00e1le\u017eitou pozornost.<\/p>\n
Po dohodnut\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch aspekt\u016f transakce p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na \u0159adu p\u0159\u00edprava smluvn\u00ed dokumentace. Tato dokumentace by m\u011bla b\u00fdt komplexn\u00ed, jasn\u00e1 a srozumiteln\u00e1, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo budouc\u00edm spor\u016fm. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprava vy\u017eaduje vysokou m\u00edru pe\u010dlivosti a detailn\u00ed znalosti pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi se strany sna\u017e\u00ed dohodnout na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch aspektech transakce, kter\u00e9 budou n\u00e1sledn\u011b zaneseny do smluvn\u00ed dokumentace. Vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je proces, kde se st\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1jmy obou stran a hled\u00e1 se optim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro ob\u011b strany.<\/p>\n
Co standardn\u011b transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace obsahuje<\/strong><\/h3>\nObsah transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed transakci, ale obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee zahrnuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed dokumenty:<\/p>\n
\n- Smlouva o prodeji (SPA – Sale and Purchase Agreement):<\/strong> Jde o st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed dokument, kter\u00fd upravuje p\u0159edm\u011bt prodeje (akcie, pod\u00edl, aktiva), cenu, platebn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, z\u00e1ruky a prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, p\u0159echodn\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed aspekty transakce.<\/li>\n
- Akcion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 smlouva nebo spole\u010densk\u00e1 smlouva (Shareholders’ Agreement):<\/strong> Pokud se prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed akcie nebo pod\u00edl ve spole\u010dnosti s v\u00edce akcion\u00e1\u0159i, tato smlouva upravuje vztahy mezi nimi, jejich pr\u00e1va a povinnosti, rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti a dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti.<\/li>\n
- Smlouva o \u00faschov\u011b (Escrow Agreement):<\/strong> V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se \u010d\u00e1st kupn\u00ed ceny usklad\u0148uje na speci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fa\u010dtu (nap\u0159. not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 \u00faschova) do spln\u011bn\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, tato smlouva upravuje podm\u00ednky \u00faschovy a vyplacen\u00ed t\u011bchto prost\u0159edk\u016f.<\/li>\n
- Smlouva o nekonkurov\u00e1n\u00ed (Non-Compete Agreement):<\/strong> Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se v n\u00ed zavazuje, \u017ee po ur\u010ditou dobu nebude podnikat v stejn\u00e9m oboru a nebude tak konkurovat kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu.<\/li>\n
- Smlouva o ml\u010denlivosti (Confidentiality Agreement):<\/strong> Zavazuje ob\u011b strany k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed ml\u010denlivosti o d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch informac\u00edch z\u00edskan\u00fdch v souvislosti s transakc\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
N\u011bkdy je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dokumentace i pracovn\u00ed smlouva mezi spole\u010dnost\u00ed a b\u00fdval\u00fdm majitelem, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se sn\u00edm sep\u00ed\u0161e smlouva o v\u00fdkonu poradensk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e1 uprav\u00ed vztah b\u00fdval\u00e9ho majitele spole\u010dnosti po dobu, kdy bude je\u0161t\u011b ve spole\u010dnosti p\u016fsobit.<\/p>\n
Smlouva o prodeji pod\u00edlu (SPA)<\/strong><\/h3>\nSPA je pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00fd dokument, kter\u00fd detailn\u011b upravuje podm\u00ednky prodeje a chr\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jmy obou stran \u2013 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho i kupuj\u00edc\u00edho. P\u0159edstavte si ji jako precizn\u00ed mapu, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1s provede cel\u00fdm procesem a pom\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1m vyhnout se zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m a spor\u016fm. SPA u mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch firem obvykle obsahuje:<\/p>\n
\n- Specifikace pod\u00edlu:<\/strong> Tato \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159esn\u011b vymezuje prod\u00e1van\u00fd pod\u00edl ve spole\u010dnosti, v\u010detn\u011b jeho velikosti (nap\u0159. 1\/3, 50 %) a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch omezen\u00ed (nap\u0159. p\u0159edkupn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo ostatn\u00edch spole\u010dn\u00edk\u016f).<\/li>\n
- Kupn\u00ed cena a platebn\u00ed podm\u00ednky:<\/strong> Zde se stanov\u00ed kupn\u00ed cena za pod\u00edl, zp\u016fsob platby (hotovost, spl\u00e1tky, kombinace) a term\u00edny plateb. M\u016f\u017ee se zde tak\u00e9 upravit mechanismus zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed platby, nap\u0159\u00edklad formou bankovn\u00ed z\u00e1ruky nebo not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00faschovy.<\/li>\n
- Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky:<\/strong> V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed poskytuje kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o skute\u010dnostech t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se spole\u010dnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad o jej\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed situaci, pr\u00e1vn\u00edm stavu, neexistenci skryt\u00fdch z\u00e1vazk\u016f a spln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech z\u00e1konn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaru\u010duje pravdivost t\u011bchto<\/li>\n
- prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Tato ustanoven\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed mu dom\u00e1hat se n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed uk\u00e1\u017eou jako nepravdiv\u00e1. O mechanismu prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk p\u00ed\u0161eme n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/li>\n
- P\u0159echod pod\u00edlu:<\/strong> Tato \u010d\u00e1st ur\u010duje okam\u017eik, kdy pod\u00edl p\u0159ejde na kupuj\u00edc\u00edho, a s t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edch pr\u00e1v a povinnost\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee se jednat o den z\u00e1pisu zm\u011bny vlastn\u00edka do obchodn\u00edho rejst\u0159\u00edku nebo o jin\u00fd dohodnut\u00fd term\u00edn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Smlouvy SPA \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e1 p\u0159echodn\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 upravuj\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci mezi prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm a kupuj\u00edc\u00edm po dokon\u010den\u00ed transakce. M\u016f\u017ee se jednat o podporu prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed firmy, za\u0161kolen\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed know-how, dostupnost kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch kontakt\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed, pokud to nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 smlouvy. C\u00edlem p\u0159echodn\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed je zajistit hladk\u00fd p\u0159echod firmy do rukou nov\u00e9ho majitele. Smlouvy mohou obsahovat i dal\u0161\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad dolo\u017eky o nekonkurov\u00e1n\u00ed (prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se zavazuje, \u017ee po ur\u010ditou dobu nebude podnikat v stejn\u00e9m oboru), dolo\u017eky o ml\u010denlivosti (ochrana d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch informac\u00ed) a dal\u0161\u00ed. Tato ustanoven\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed k ochran\u011b z\u00e1jm\u016f kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed stability firmy po transakci.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Mechanismus prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk<\/h3>\n
Jeliko\u017e prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed chce z\u00edskat co nejlep\u0161\u00ed cenu a kupuj\u00edc\u00ed chce zase jistotu, \u017ee kupuje “ko\u010dku v pytli”, standardn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed smluv o prodeji pod\u00edlu je mechanismus prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b k minimalizaci rizik na stran\u011b kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed transparentnosti transakce. Ve smlouv\u00e1ch o prodeji spole\u010dnost\u00ed je dnes u\u017e tento mechanismus \u00fapln\u00fdm standardem, bez n\u011bj se nem\u016f\u017ee kvalitn\u00ed smlouva o p\u0159evodu pod\u00edlu obej\u00edt,\u00a0 a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se mu v n\u011bjak\u00e9 form\u011b nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nevyhne.<\/p>\n
Co jsou prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky?<\/strong><\/p>\nProhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky d\u00e1vaj\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu jistotu, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u00e9 informace o stavu spole\u010dnosti. Pokud se pozd\u011bji uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nebylo pravdiv\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee se kupuj\u00edc\u00ed dom\u00e1hat n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody. V prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed fakta o spole\u010dnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017ee \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011brka je pravdiv\u00e1 a spole\u010dnost nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 skryt\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky. V r\u00e1mci z\u00e1ruk se prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zaru\u010duje, \u017ee prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jsou pravdiv\u00e1 a spole\u010dnost spl\u0148uje ur\u010dit\u00e9 standardy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u0161echna pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 povolen\u00ed k podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a nedot\u00fdkaj\u00ed se j\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 soudn\u00ed spory.<\/p>\n
Jak\u00e9 typy prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Finan\u010dn\u00ed:<\/strong> T\u00fdkaj\u00ed se finan\u010dn\u00ed situace spole\u010dnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fa\u010detn\u00edch v\u00fdkaz\u016f, cash flow, \u00fav\u011br\u016f a dluh\u016f.<\/li>\n
- Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed:<\/strong> Zahrnuj\u00ed soulad s legislativou, vlastnictv\u00ed majetku, smlouvy a povolen\u00ed.<\/li>\n
- Da\u0148ov\u00e9:<\/strong> T\u00fdkaj\u00ed se da\u0148ov\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed a da\u0148ov\u00e9 evidence spole\u010dnosti.<\/li>\n
- Obchodn\u00ed:<\/strong> Zahrnuj\u00ed informace o z\u00e1kazn\u00edc\u00edch, dodavatel\u00edch, konkurenci a tr\u017en\u00edm pod\u00edlu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zjist\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nebylo pravdiv\u00e9 nebo z\u00e1ruka nebyla spln\u011bna, m\u016f\u017ee se dom\u00e1hat n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody. To m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat formou slevy z kupn\u00ed ceny, zaplacen\u00edm od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed nebo vr\u00e1cen\u00edm pod\u00edlu. Smlouva o p\u0159evodu pod\u00edlu by po spr\u00e1vnosti m\u011bla zahrnovat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 podrobnosti o tom, jak se bude postupovat v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zjist\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1ruk nebo nespr\u00e1vnost prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho.<\/p>\n
V praxi b\u00fdv\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o transakci nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed debata pr\u00e1v\u011b o prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch a n\u00e1roc\u00edch v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jejich poru\u0161en\u00ed. Je p\u0159irozen\u00e9, \u017ee prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed chce svou odpov\u011bdnost limitovat, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b ale kupuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dasto trv\u00e1 na tom, aby minimalizoval sv\u00e9 riziko toho, \u017ee najde ve spole\u010dnosti n\u011bco, s \u010d\u00edm nepo\u010d\u00edtal a co v r\u00e1mci Due Diligence neobjevil. Je ale zvykem, \u017ee odpov\u011bdnost prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho za prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky, vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00e1 v pen\u011bz\u00edch, b\u00fdv\u00e1 limitov\u00e1na na ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed des\u00edtky procent z prodejn\u00ed ceny. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je zvykem limitace na jednotky let od uzav\u0159en\u00ed transakce.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1v\u011brem k transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentaci<\/strong><\/h3>\nKvalitn\u00ed transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace je nezbytn\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem pro hladk\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh prodeje mal\u00fdch ale i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch firem. Investice do dob\u0159e p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 smlouvy se vyplat\u00ed, stejn\u011b tak \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd jedn\u00e1n\u00edm o podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch smlouvy. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace m\u016f\u017eeme doporu\u010dit spolupr\u00e1ci advok\u00e1t\u016f a poradce se zku\u0161enostmi v r\u00e1mci M&A. Ne v\u0161ichni advok\u00e1ti toti\u017e maj\u00ed zku\u0161enosti z transakc\u00ed, co\u017e je m\u016f\u017ee limitovat p\u0159i vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u00ednek s kupuj\u00edc\u00edm a posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, co je v transakc\u00edch standardem a co nen\u00ed. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b dokumentace advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spolu s M&A poradcem je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee budou pokryty v\u0161echna rizika a to jak z pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, tak transak\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1nky a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed si zajist\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky, jak\u00e9 bude v dan\u00e9 situaci mo\u017en\u00e9 vyjednat.<\/p>\n
\nTohle je \u010dl\u00e1nek z na\u0161\u00ed s\u00e9rie “Jak prodat podnik”, ostatn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky ze s\u00e9rie naleznete tady:<\/p>\n
\n- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 1.: Je m\u016fj podnik vhodn\u00fd k prodeji?<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 2.: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky p\u0159ed prodejem<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 3.: Stanoven\u00ed prodejn\u00edch priorit<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 4.: Jak p\u0159ipravit svou firmu na prodej<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 5.: M\u00e1m mo\u017enost se poradit s odborn\u00edky?<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 6.: Stanoven\u00ed prodejn\u00ed ceny<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 7.: P\u0159\u00edprava prezentace firmy<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 8.: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jemc\u016f o firmu<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 9.: Za\u010d\u00e1tek prodejn\u00edho procesu<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 10.: Indikativn\u00ed nab\u00eddka a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 11.: Prov\u011brka spole\u010dnosti (Due Diligence)<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 13.: Podpis smluv a poprodejn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tohle je \u010dl\u00e1nek ze s\u00e9rie \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f “Jak prodat podnik”. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti si p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme f\u00e1zi jedn\u00e1n\u00ed po realizaci Due Diligence ze strany z\u00e1jemce. Z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 nab\u00eddka Pot\u00e9, co si kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zrealizuje Due Diligence, je \u010das na pod\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 nab\u00eddky. Tento krok je v procesu akvizice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, proto\u017ee formalizuje z\u00e1jem kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a stanovuje podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch je […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3374,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jak-prodat-firmu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace - InBase EN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace - InBase EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tohle je \u010dl\u00e1nek ze s\u00e9rie \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f “Jak prodat podnik”. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti si p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme f\u00e1zi jedn\u00e1n\u00ed po realizaci Due Diligence ze strany z\u00e1jemce. Z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 nab\u00eddka Pot\u00e9, co si kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zrealizuje Due Diligence, je \u010das na pod\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 nab\u00eddky. 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InBase EN","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow"},"og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace - InBase EN","og_description":"Tohle je \u010dl\u00e1nek ze s\u00e9rie \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f “Jak prodat podnik”. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti si p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme f\u00e1zi jedn\u00e1n\u00ed po realizaci Due Diligence ze strany z\u00e1jemce. Z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 nab\u00eddka Pot\u00e9, co si kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zrealizuje Due Diligence, je \u010das na pod\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 nab\u00eddky. Tento krok je v procesu akvizice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, proto\u017ee formalizuje z\u00e1jem kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a stanovuje podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch je […]","og_url":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/","og_site_name":"InBase EN","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/inbasecz\/","article_published_time":"2024-10-25T14:07:33+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-25T12:10:35+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/agreement1m_urn39y-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160uver\u00edk","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/"},"author":{"name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160uver\u00edk","@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/5652cddaab28896a2ee423c11b7248bd"},"headline":"Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace","datePublished":"2024-10-25T14:07:33+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-25T12:10:35+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/"},"wordCount":2205,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/agreement1m_urn39y-1.jpg","articleSection":["Jak prodat firmu"],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/","url":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/","name":"Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace - InBase EN","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/agreement1m_urn39y-1.jpg","datePublished":"2024-10-25T14:07:33+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-25T12:10:35+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/agreement1m_urn39y-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/agreement1m_urn39y-1.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Jak prodat podnik: \u010d\u00e1st dvan\u00e1ct\u00e1 – nab\u00eddka a p\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/","name":"InBase EN","description":"Purchase and sale of operating companies","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/#organization","name":"InBase s.r.o.","url":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/10\/Logo-vertical_profile-en-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/10\/Logo-vertical_profile-en-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":2216,"caption":"InBase s.r.o."},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/inbasecz\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/10349448?trk=tyah&amp;trkInfo=clickedVertical:company,clickedEntityId:10349448,idx:1-3-3,tarId:1479723061253,tas:inbase"],"knowsAbout":["Selling a business","Buying a business","Mergers and acquisitions","Company valuation","M&A advisory","Family business succession"],"areaServed":[{"@type":"Country","name":"\u010cesk\u00e1 republika"},{"@type":"Country","name":"Slovensk\u00e1 republika"}],"slogan":"Buying and selling established businesses in the Czech Republic and Slovakia."},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/5652cddaab28896a2ee423c11b7248bd","name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160uver\u00edk","url":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/author\/tomas-suverik\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3373"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3912,"href":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3373\/revisions\/3912"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3374"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
N\u011bkdy je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dokumentace i pracovn\u00ed smlouva mezi spole\u010dnost\u00ed a b\u00fdval\u00fdm majitelem, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se sn\u00edm sep\u00ed\u0161e smlouva o v\u00fdkonu poradensk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e1 uprav\u00ed vztah b\u00fdval\u00e9ho majitele spole\u010dnosti po dobu, kdy bude je\u0161t\u011b ve spole\u010dnosti p\u016fsobit.<\/p>\n
Smlouva o prodeji pod\u00edlu (SPA)<\/strong><\/h3>\nSPA je pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00fd dokument, kter\u00fd detailn\u011b upravuje podm\u00ednky prodeje a chr\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jmy obou stran \u2013 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho i kupuj\u00edc\u00edho. P\u0159edstavte si ji jako precizn\u00ed mapu, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1s provede cel\u00fdm procesem a pom\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1m vyhnout se zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m a spor\u016fm. SPA u mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch firem obvykle obsahuje:<\/p>\n
\n- Specifikace pod\u00edlu:<\/strong> Tato \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159esn\u011b vymezuje prod\u00e1van\u00fd pod\u00edl ve spole\u010dnosti, v\u010detn\u011b jeho velikosti (nap\u0159. 1\/3, 50 %) a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch omezen\u00ed (nap\u0159. p\u0159edkupn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo ostatn\u00edch spole\u010dn\u00edk\u016f).<\/li>\n
- Kupn\u00ed cena a platebn\u00ed podm\u00ednky:<\/strong> Zde se stanov\u00ed kupn\u00ed cena za pod\u00edl, zp\u016fsob platby (hotovost, spl\u00e1tky, kombinace) a term\u00edny plateb. M\u016f\u017ee se zde tak\u00e9 upravit mechanismus zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed platby, nap\u0159\u00edklad formou bankovn\u00ed z\u00e1ruky nebo not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00faschovy.<\/li>\n
- Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky:<\/strong> V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed poskytuje kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o skute\u010dnostech t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se spole\u010dnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad o jej\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed situaci, pr\u00e1vn\u00edm stavu, neexistenci skryt\u00fdch z\u00e1vazk\u016f a spln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech z\u00e1konn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaru\u010duje pravdivost t\u011bchto<\/li>\n
- prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Tato ustanoven\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed mu dom\u00e1hat se n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed uk\u00e1\u017eou jako nepravdiv\u00e1. O mechanismu prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk p\u00ed\u0161eme n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/li>\n
- P\u0159echod pod\u00edlu:<\/strong> Tato \u010d\u00e1st ur\u010duje okam\u017eik, kdy pod\u00edl p\u0159ejde na kupuj\u00edc\u00edho, a s t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edch pr\u00e1v a povinnost\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee se jednat o den z\u00e1pisu zm\u011bny vlastn\u00edka do obchodn\u00edho rejst\u0159\u00edku nebo o jin\u00fd dohodnut\u00fd term\u00edn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Smlouvy SPA \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e1 p\u0159echodn\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 upravuj\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci mezi prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm a kupuj\u00edc\u00edm po dokon\u010den\u00ed transakce. M\u016f\u017ee se jednat o podporu prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed firmy, za\u0161kolen\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed know-how, dostupnost kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch kontakt\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed, pokud to nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 smlouvy. C\u00edlem p\u0159echodn\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed je zajistit hladk\u00fd p\u0159echod firmy do rukou nov\u00e9ho majitele. Smlouvy mohou obsahovat i dal\u0161\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad dolo\u017eky o nekonkurov\u00e1n\u00ed (prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se zavazuje, \u017ee po ur\u010ditou dobu nebude podnikat v stejn\u00e9m oboru), dolo\u017eky o ml\u010denlivosti (ochrana d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch informac\u00ed) a dal\u0161\u00ed. Tato ustanoven\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed k ochran\u011b z\u00e1jm\u016f kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed stability firmy po transakci.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Mechanismus prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk<\/h3>\n
Jeliko\u017e prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed chce z\u00edskat co nejlep\u0161\u00ed cenu a kupuj\u00edc\u00ed chce zase jistotu, \u017ee kupuje “ko\u010dku v pytli”, standardn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed smluv o prodeji pod\u00edlu je mechanismus prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b k minimalizaci rizik na stran\u011b kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed transparentnosti transakce. Ve smlouv\u00e1ch o prodeji spole\u010dnost\u00ed je dnes u\u017e tento mechanismus \u00fapln\u00fdm standardem, bez n\u011bj se nem\u016f\u017ee kvalitn\u00ed smlouva o p\u0159evodu pod\u00edlu obej\u00edt,\u00a0 a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se mu v n\u011bjak\u00e9 form\u011b nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nevyhne.<\/p>\n
Co jsou prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky?<\/strong><\/p>\nProhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky d\u00e1vaj\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu jistotu, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u00e9 informace o stavu spole\u010dnosti. Pokud se pozd\u011bji uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nebylo pravdiv\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee se kupuj\u00edc\u00ed dom\u00e1hat n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody. V prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed fakta o spole\u010dnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017ee \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011brka je pravdiv\u00e1 a spole\u010dnost nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 skryt\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky. V r\u00e1mci z\u00e1ruk se prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zaru\u010duje, \u017ee prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jsou pravdiv\u00e1 a spole\u010dnost spl\u0148uje ur\u010dit\u00e9 standardy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u0161echna pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 povolen\u00ed k podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a nedot\u00fdkaj\u00ed se j\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 soudn\u00ed spory.<\/p>\n
Jak\u00e9 typy prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Finan\u010dn\u00ed:<\/strong> T\u00fdkaj\u00ed se finan\u010dn\u00ed situace spole\u010dnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fa\u010detn\u00edch v\u00fdkaz\u016f, cash flow, \u00fav\u011br\u016f a dluh\u016f.<\/li>\n
- Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed:<\/strong> Zahrnuj\u00ed soulad s legislativou, vlastnictv\u00ed majetku, smlouvy a povolen\u00ed.<\/li>\n
- Da\u0148ov\u00e9:<\/strong> T\u00fdkaj\u00ed se da\u0148ov\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed a da\u0148ov\u00e9 evidence spole\u010dnosti.<\/li>\n
- Obchodn\u00ed:<\/strong> Zahrnuj\u00ed informace o z\u00e1kazn\u00edc\u00edch, dodavatel\u00edch, konkurenci a tr\u017en\u00edm pod\u00edlu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zjist\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nebylo pravdiv\u00e9 nebo z\u00e1ruka nebyla spln\u011bna, m\u016f\u017ee se dom\u00e1hat n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody. To m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat formou slevy z kupn\u00ed ceny, zaplacen\u00edm od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed nebo vr\u00e1cen\u00edm pod\u00edlu. Smlouva o p\u0159evodu pod\u00edlu by po spr\u00e1vnosti m\u011bla zahrnovat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 podrobnosti o tom, jak se bude postupovat v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zjist\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1ruk nebo nespr\u00e1vnost prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho.<\/p>\n
V praxi b\u00fdv\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o transakci nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed debata pr\u00e1v\u011b o prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch a n\u00e1roc\u00edch v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jejich poru\u0161en\u00ed. Je p\u0159irozen\u00e9, \u017ee prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed chce svou odpov\u011bdnost limitovat, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b ale kupuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dasto trv\u00e1 na tom, aby minimalizoval sv\u00e9 riziko toho, \u017ee najde ve spole\u010dnosti n\u011bco, s \u010d\u00edm nepo\u010d\u00edtal a co v r\u00e1mci Due Diligence neobjevil. Je ale zvykem, \u017ee odpov\u011bdnost prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho za prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky, vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00e1 v pen\u011bz\u00edch, b\u00fdv\u00e1 limitov\u00e1na na ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed des\u00edtky procent z prodejn\u00ed ceny. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je zvykem limitace na jednotky let od uzav\u0159en\u00ed transakce.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1v\u011brem k transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentaci<\/strong><\/h3>\nKvalitn\u00ed transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace je nezbytn\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem pro hladk\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh prodeje mal\u00fdch ale i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch firem. Investice do dob\u0159e p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 smlouvy se vyplat\u00ed, stejn\u011b tak \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd jedn\u00e1n\u00edm o podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch smlouvy. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace m\u016f\u017eeme doporu\u010dit spolupr\u00e1ci advok\u00e1t\u016f a poradce se zku\u0161enostmi v r\u00e1mci M&A. Ne v\u0161ichni advok\u00e1ti toti\u017e maj\u00ed zku\u0161enosti z transakc\u00ed, co\u017e je m\u016f\u017ee limitovat p\u0159i vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u00ednek s kupuj\u00edc\u00edm a posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, co je v transakc\u00edch standardem a co nen\u00ed. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b dokumentace advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spolu s M&A poradcem je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee budou pokryty v\u0161echna rizika a to jak z pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, tak transak\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1nky a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed si zajist\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky, jak\u00e9 bude v dan\u00e9 situaci mo\u017en\u00e9 vyjednat.<\/p>\n
\nTohle je \u010dl\u00e1nek z na\u0161\u00ed s\u00e9rie “Jak prodat podnik”, ostatn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky ze s\u00e9rie naleznete tady:<\/p>\n
\n- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 1.: Je m\u016fj podnik vhodn\u00fd k prodeji?<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 2.: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky p\u0159ed prodejem<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 3.: Stanoven\u00ed prodejn\u00edch priorit<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 4.: Jak p\u0159ipravit svou firmu na prodej<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 5.: M\u00e1m mo\u017enost se poradit s odborn\u00edky?<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 6.: Stanoven\u00ed prodejn\u00ed ceny<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 7.: P\u0159\u00edprava prezentace firmy<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 8.: Hled\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jemc\u016f o firmu<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 9.: Za\u010d\u00e1tek prodejn\u00edho procesu<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 10.: Indikativn\u00ed nab\u00eddka a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 11.: Prov\u011brka spole\u010dnosti (Due Diligence)<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace<\/a><\/li>\n
- Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 13.: Podpis smluv a poprodejn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tohle je \u010dl\u00e1nek ze s\u00e9rie \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f “Jak prodat podnik”. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti si p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme f\u00e1zi jedn\u00e1n\u00ed po realizaci Due Diligence ze strany z\u00e1jemce. Z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 nab\u00eddka Pot\u00e9, co si kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zrealizuje Due Diligence, je \u010das na pod\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 nab\u00eddky. Tento krok je v procesu akvizice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, proto\u017ee formalizuje z\u00e1jem kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a stanovuje podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch je […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3374,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jak-prodat-firmu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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Tento krok je v procesu akvizice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, proto\u017ee formalizuje z\u00e1jem kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a stanovuje podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch je […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"InBase EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/inbasecz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-25T14:07:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-25T12:10:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/agreement1m_urn39y-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160uver\u00edk\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inbase.cz\\\/en\\\/clanky-a-tipy\\\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inbase.cz\\\/en\\\/clanky-a-tipy\\\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160uver\u00edk\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inbase.cz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5652cddaab28896a2ee423c11b7248bd\"},\"headline\":\"Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-25T14:07:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-25T12:10:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inbase.cz\\\/en\\\/clanky-a-tipy\\\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2205,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inbase.cz\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inbase.cz\\\/en\\\/clanky-a-tipy\\\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inbase.cz\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/agreement1m_urn39y-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Jak prodat firmu\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inbase.cz\\\/en\\\/clanky-a-tipy\\\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inbase.cz\\\/en\\\/clanky-a-tipy\\\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\\\/\",\"name\":\"Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace - 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InBase EN","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow"},"og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace - InBase EN","og_description":"Tohle je \u010dl\u00e1nek ze s\u00e9rie \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f “Jak prodat podnik”. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti si p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme f\u00e1zi jedn\u00e1n\u00ed po realizaci Due Diligence ze strany z\u00e1jemce. Z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 nab\u00eddka Pot\u00e9, co si kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zrealizuje Due Diligence, je \u010das na pod\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 nab\u00eddky. Tento krok je v procesu akvizice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, proto\u017ee formalizuje z\u00e1jem kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a stanovuje podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch je […]","og_url":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/","og_site_name":"InBase EN","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/inbasecz\/","article_published_time":"2024-10-25T14:07:33+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-25T12:10:35+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/agreement1m_urn39y-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160uver\u00edk","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/"},"author":{"name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160uver\u00edk","@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/5652cddaab28896a2ee423c11b7248bd"},"headline":"Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace","datePublished":"2024-10-25T14:07:33+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-25T12:10:35+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/"},"wordCount":2205,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/agreement1m_urn39y-1.jpg","articleSection":["Jak prodat firmu"],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/","url":"https:\/\/inbase.cz\/en\/clanky-a-tipy\/jak-prodat-podnik-cast-dvanacta-nabidka-a-priprava-transakcni-dokumentace\/","name":"Jak prodat podnik – \u010d\u00e1st 12.: P\u0159\u00edprava transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace - 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Smlouvy SPA \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e1 p\u0159echodn\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 upravuj\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci mezi prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm a kupuj\u00edc\u00edm po dokon\u010den\u00ed transakce. M\u016f\u017ee se jednat o podporu prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed firmy, za\u0161kolen\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed know-how, dostupnost kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch kontakt\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed, pokud to nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 smlouvy. C\u00edlem p\u0159echodn\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed je zajistit hladk\u00fd p\u0159echod firmy do rukou nov\u00e9ho majitele. Smlouvy mohou obsahovat i dal\u0161\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad dolo\u017eky o nekonkurov\u00e1n\u00ed (prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se zavazuje, \u017ee po ur\u010ditou dobu nebude podnikat v stejn\u00e9m oboru), dolo\u017eky o ml\u010denlivosti (ochrana d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch informac\u00ed) a dal\u0161\u00ed. Tato ustanoven\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed k ochran\u011b z\u00e1jm\u016f kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed stability firmy po transakci.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Mechanismus prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk<\/h3>\n
Jeliko\u017e prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed chce z\u00edskat co nejlep\u0161\u00ed cenu a kupuj\u00edc\u00ed chce zase jistotu, \u017ee kupuje “ko\u010dku v pytli”, standardn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed smluv o prodeji pod\u00edlu je mechanismus prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b k minimalizaci rizik na stran\u011b kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed transparentnosti transakce. Ve smlouv\u00e1ch o prodeji spole\u010dnost\u00ed je dnes u\u017e tento mechanismus \u00fapln\u00fdm standardem, bez n\u011bj se nem\u016f\u017ee kvalitn\u00ed smlouva o p\u0159evodu pod\u00edlu obej\u00edt,\u00a0 a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se mu v n\u011bjak\u00e9 form\u011b nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nevyhne.<\/p>\n
Co jsou prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky?<\/strong><\/p>\n Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky d\u00e1vaj\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu jistotu, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u00e9 informace o stavu spole\u010dnosti. Pokud se pozd\u011bji uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nebylo pravdiv\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee se kupuj\u00edc\u00ed dom\u00e1hat n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody. V prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed fakta o spole\u010dnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017ee \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011brka je pravdiv\u00e1 a spole\u010dnost nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 skryt\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky. V r\u00e1mci z\u00e1ruk se prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zaru\u010duje, \u017ee prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jsou pravdiv\u00e1 a spole\u010dnost spl\u0148uje ur\u010dit\u00e9 standardy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u0161echna pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 povolen\u00ed k podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a nedot\u00fdkaj\u00ed se j\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 soudn\u00ed spory.<\/p>\n Jak\u00e9 typy prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruk se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zjist\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nebylo pravdiv\u00e9 nebo z\u00e1ruka nebyla spln\u011bna, m\u016f\u017ee se dom\u00e1hat n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody. To m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat formou slevy z kupn\u00ed ceny, zaplacen\u00edm od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed nebo vr\u00e1cen\u00edm pod\u00edlu. Smlouva o p\u0159evodu pod\u00edlu by po spr\u00e1vnosti m\u011bla zahrnovat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 podrobnosti o tom, jak se bude postupovat v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zjist\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1ruk nebo nespr\u00e1vnost prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho.<\/p>\n V praxi b\u00fdv\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o transakci nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed debata pr\u00e1v\u011b o prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch a n\u00e1roc\u00edch v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jejich poru\u0161en\u00ed. Je p\u0159irozen\u00e9, \u017ee prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed chce svou odpov\u011bdnost limitovat, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b ale kupuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dasto trv\u00e1 na tom, aby minimalizoval sv\u00e9 riziko toho, \u017ee najde ve spole\u010dnosti n\u011bco, s \u010d\u00edm nepo\u010d\u00edtal a co v r\u00e1mci Due Diligence neobjevil. Je ale zvykem, \u017ee odpov\u011bdnost prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho za prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a z\u00e1ruky, vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00e1 v pen\u011bz\u00edch, b\u00fdv\u00e1 limitov\u00e1na na ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed des\u00edtky procent z prodejn\u00ed ceny. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je zvykem limitace na jednotky let od uzav\u0159en\u00ed transakce.<\/p>\n Kvalitn\u00ed transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace je nezbytn\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem pro hladk\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh prodeje mal\u00fdch ale i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch firem. Investice do dob\u0159e p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 smlouvy se vyplat\u00ed, stejn\u011b tak \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd jedn\u00e1n\u00edm o podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch smlouvy. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace m\u016f\u017eeme doporu\u010dit spolupr\u00e1ci advok\u00e1t\u016f a poradce se zku\u0161enostmi v r\u00e1mci M&A. Ne v\u0161ichni advok\u00e1ti toti\u017e maj\u00ed zku\u0161enosti z transakc\u00ed, co\u017e je m\u016f\u017ee limitovat p\u0159i vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u00ednek s kupuj\u00edc\u00edm a posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, co je v transakc\u00edch standardem a co nen\u00ed. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b dokumentace advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spolu s M&A poradcem je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee budou pokryty v\u0161echna rizika a to jak z pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, tak transak\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1nky a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed si zajist\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky, jak\u00e9 bude v dan\u00e9 situaci mo\u017en\u00e9 vyjednat.<\/p>\n Tohle je \u010dl\u00e1nek z na\u0161\u00ed s\u00e9rie “Jak prodat podnik”, ostatn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky ze s\u00e9rie naleznete tady:<\/p>\n Tohle je \u010dl\u00e1nek ze s\u00e9rie \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f “Jak prodat podnik”. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti si p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme f\u00e1zi jedn\u00e1n\u00ed po realizaci Due Diligence ze strany z\u00e1jemce. Z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 nab\u00eddka Pot\u00e9, co si kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zrealizuje Due Diligence, je \u010das na pod\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 nab\u00eddky. Tento krok je v procesu akvizice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, proto\u017ee formalizuje z\u00e1jem kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a stanovuje podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch je […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3374,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jak-prodat-firmu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n
Z\u00e1v\u011brem k transak\u010dn\u00ed dokumentaci<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n